split TRIDENT and KM3Net

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Chuanxu Chen 2024-04-01 20:47:29 +08:00
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## Deep-sea deployment of the TRIDENT neutrino telescope detection units
### Design of TRIDENT DU
*Version @Mar. 2024*
<img src="./img/TRIDENT_DU.jpg" width="800">
#### DU Parameters (设备参数)
| 整体尺寸 | 空气中重量 | 水中重量 |
| ------- | -------- | ------- |
| 3m\*5m*5m | ~5.7T | ~3T |
#### 布放要求
- 布放10个串列DU
- 布放位置精度在1米以内
- 水下湿插拔操作将DU接进接驳盒Junction Box
#### 作业海域
- 布放点位置N, E
- 布放点水深:
- 布放点流场环境
### Design and deployment of KM3Net DU
#### Geological and physical oceanography background of KM3Net sites
@ -56,16 +30,27 @@
After `10 sea-trials`, the first complete DU-string deployments were successfully launched with the complete unrolling of an ARCA DU-string up to 750 m long, the undamaged exiting of optical modules and backbone cable and the surfacing of the LOM.`Loading the LOM and deploying it to the seafloor are procedures that require training of dedicated teams. `
#### photo gallery of KM3Net DU deployment
通过以上的文献资料检索可以判断一些KM3Net的DU串列的基本参数
- 空气中重量2.6吨;
- 水中重量550kg;
- 布放位置精度要求小于1米
##### Trailer of ARCA Deployment in 2016
### Photo gallery of KM3Net DU deployment
#### Trailer of ARCA Deployment in 2016
<img src="./img/2016_ARCA_Deployment.gif" width="800">
##### trailer of ORCA DU deployment in 2019
#### trailer of ORCA DU deployment in 2019
<img src="./img/Onboard_Deployment.gif" width="800">
Note:
@ -78,7 +63,7 @@ Note:
以上两个片段取自2019年CNRS出品的ORCA串列的布放记录片。
##### September 2021 and June 2022 ARCA Deployment
#### September 2021 and June 2022 ARCA Deployment
five new detection units of KM3NeT, onboard the Handin Tide
此次ARCA的设备布放是使用了一艘船该船为Handin Tide船尾有小型A架船侧舷有Furgo ROV。
@ -95,7 +80,7 @@ five new detection units of KM3NeT, onboard the Handin Tide
- 2022年的9月份航次this was achieved at a record-breaking speed, with 7 detection units installed, connected and unfurled in less than 48 hours!
- 21 in ARCA
##### October 2023 ARCA Deployment
#### October 2023 ARCA Deployment
The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` underwater vehicle (ROV).
@ -105,14 +90,14 @@ The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` und
- 28 in ARCA (看起来是这个航次共布放了7台)
##### Dec 2022 ORCA Deployment
#### Dec 2022 ORCA Deployment
During a sea campaign performed last week, ORCA has been enlarged by means of `4 new detection units`.
The operation was performed with the Castor ship of Foselev, for deployment of the detection units, and with the Janus II of SAAS (formerly Comex), equipped with a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle, for submarine operations.
- 15 DUs in ORCA
##### May 2023 ORCA Deployment
#### May 2023 ORCA Deployment
During a two days sea operation, 27-28 April 2023, `three detection units` were successfully connected to the ORCA detector of KM3NeT `in a record time of just over 24 hours`.
As usual, the operation was performed with two ships: the Castor of Foselev, for deployment of the detection units, and the Janus II of SAAS (formerly Comex), equipped with a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle, for submarine operations.
@ -121,5 +106,3 @@ The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` und
- 18 in ORCA

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TRIDENT_Deployment.md Normal file
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## Deep-sea deployment of the TRIDENT neutrino telescope detection units
### Design of TRIDENT DU
*Version @Mar. 2024*
<img src="./img/TRIDENT_DU.jpg" width="800">
#### DU Parameters (设备参数)
| 整体尺寸 | 空气中重量 | 水中重量 |
| ------- | -------- | ------- |
| 3m\*5m*5m | ~5T | ~1.8T|
#### 布放要求
- 布放10个串列DU
- 布放位置精度在1米以内
- 水下湿插拔操作将DU接进接驳盒Junction Box
#### 作业海域
- 布放点位置17.4N, 115.0E距离三亚270海里单程24H
- 布放点水深:~3800米
##### 布放点流场环境
<img src="./img/TRIDENT_Position.png" width="800">
<img src="./img/TRIDENT_Mooring_Observation.jpg" width="800">
临近的潜标观测站位相距布放点200km可作为海底环境场的参考
初步认知和判断包括:
- The typical flow speed at the KM3NeT sites is between `0.05 and 0.1 m/s`.The maximum horizontal deflection of the top buoy of a 700 m long DU-string under `0.15 m/s` peak current-flow speeds is about `100 m`.
- DL5站位观测结果表明南海3000米以深平均流速在0.05m/s左右峰值流速接近0.15m/s特别的在冬季10月份观测到接近0.4m/s的流速水平这个相比地中海的环境而言要更为苛刻一些。所带来的影响是线阵列的横向偏移量会超过100米而导致相邻缆线之间发生缠绕。
### Deployment of TRIDENT DU
#### 布放施工的初步考虑和待解决/讨论的问题清单
海铃TRIDENT的DU布放深度为3800米尺寸为3\*5\*5m空气中重量为5T水中重量1.8T。1该尺寸和重量与探索二号船打捞船载的CTD类似。(2)KM3Net的DU的LOM(lanuch vehicle)圆形球尺寸2.7m空气中重量2.6吨水中550kg。3另外一个可参考尺寸重量为深海基站3.5\*4.2*6.5m,空气中19T水中300kg,如下图。
<img src="./img/DS_Basement.png" width="800">
- 水中重量1.8T在海况较差情况下船尾升沉会导致纤维缆上张力超过近5倍
- 一次布放的精度预计在20~40米范围内因此要达到1米的位置精度必须要水下机械手参与对DU进行水下位置的调整。
- 要考虑施工和运维成本的问题。施工区域距离三亚24H航渡距离往返48H单船往返航渡费用~60万考虑现有DU的尺寸和甲板占地面积单船后甲板预计能够携带4~6台。
**施工难点:**
- - ------
**1. 如何对LOM/DU进行水下位置的移动**
- 欧洲的KM3Net是采取了两种方案一种是利用两条船联合作业其中DU的布放船具备DP定位能力另有一艘船携带ROV两船在安全距离范围内在水下进行作业。另一种方案是利用大型海工船包括Handin Tide和Optimus Prime这种船船尾有A架进行布放船舷侧有ROV配备了Furgo的作业级ROV。通过KM3Net的网上资料证实他们有利用ROV对布放尚未着底的DU进行拖拉移位操作。存在的疑问是1布放船一次布放位置的精度能到多少DU设备临近坐底时偏移设定位置点偏移多少米2DU设备半悬空的状态下水中重量550kgROV机械手能够拉动和移动的位置有多少米。
- 目前深海所的设备情况是探索二号纤维缆布放和ROV的布放都在船尾而且ROV是双体结构中继器+作业ROV不能进行同时放缆容易发生缠绕
- 如果考虑探索二号纤维缆进行布放在未坐底情况下载人潜水器靠近进行拉动移位风险过高。DU周边是钢结构一旦撞击观察窗会发生危险另外水中重量1.8T,载人潜水器机械手可能也无法拉动。
可考虑的对策方案包括:
- 如果是HOV对DU进行水下移位那就必须是DU坐底而且布放缆脱钩之后再进行作业。载人潜水器的机械手能力60kg这种方案之下DU在被移位的时候水中重量不能超过60kg。如果DU布放过程中是60kg质量过轻纤维缆布放困难水下受流影响更大。DU上增加浮力调节模块或者类似KM3Net早期的LOM上添加的Hoisting Frame/Crown/Floatation Acoustic Release frame这个方案是否可行
- 如果是ROV对DU进行水下移位就需要两船同时作业或者单船A架和ROV分开布放。可考虑的组合包括1“探索二号”船携带ROV就位另需一艘布放作业船需要具备DP定位能力以及4000米地质缆布放能力2“探索二号”船作为布放船海洋地质六号携带“海马”号ROV进行水下作业3选择其他类似Optimus Prime或者Handin Tide的海洋工程作业船。比如2025年“探索三号”投入应用具备单船ROV和地质缆同时入水的能力可考虑进行施工作业。
**新的技术路线:**
- ------
针对LOM/DU的水下施工难点在于其一次布放精度无法满足1米的位置精度要求另外由于LOM/DU自身不具备水下自主航行能力因此需要借助ROV进行水下二次移位操作。
- 如果一次布放精度能够满足1米精度要求则不需要进行二次辅助。建议可调研中海辉固、中海油工程团队了解他们这方面的经验和建议
- 如果LOM/DU自身具备水下自主/遥控航行能力也不需要进行二次辅助。这一项颠覆性路径有可能催生“深海运载平台”的通用技术和装备从研发和技术创新角度附加值比较高。建议深海所和交大合作利用基站、多位点漫游者着陆器的技术基础和交大的LOM/DU设计基础围绕Autonomous Underwater Launch Vehicle AULV的概念进行技术和装备设计。这条路线对大规模布放施工的成本控制以及技术溢出效益都更值得考虑。

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