diff --git a/Deployment.md b/KM3Net_Deployment.md similarity index 87% rename from Deployment.md rename to KM3Net_Deployment.md index 6589b77..0857e65 100644 --- a/Deployment.md +++ b/KM3Net_Deployment.md @@ -1,29 +1,3 @@ -## Deep-sea deployment of the TRIDENT neutrino telescope detection units - - -### Design of TRIDENT DU - -*Version @Mar. 2024* - - - -#### DU Parameters (设备参数) - - | 整体尺寸 | 空气中重量 | 水中重量 | - | ------- | -------- | ------- | - | 3m\*5m*5m | ~5.7T | ~3T | - -#### 布放要求 - -- 布放10个串列(DU) -- 布放位置精度在1米以内 -- 水下湿插拔操作将DU接进接驳盒(Junction Box) - -#### 作业海域 -- 布放点位置:N, E -- 布放点水深: -- 布放点流场环境 - ### Design and deployment of KM3Net DU #### Geological and physical oceanography background of KM3Net sites @@ -56,16 +30,27 @@ After `10 sea-trials`, the first complete DU-string deployments were successfully launched with the complete unrolling of an ARCA DU-string up to 750 m long, the undamaged exiting of optical modules and backbone cable and the surfacing of the LOM.`Loading the LOM and deploying it to the seafloor are procedures that require training of dedicated teams. ` -#### photo gallery of KM3Net DU deployment + 通过以上的文献资料检索,可以判断一些KM3Net的DU(串列)的基本参数: + + - 空气中重量2.6吨; + - 水中重量550kg; + - 布放位置精度要求小于1米; + + + + + + +### Photo gallery of KM3Net DU deployment -##### Trailer of ARCA Deployment in 2016 +#### Trailer of ARCA Deployment in 2016 -##### trailer of ORCA DU deployment in 2019 +#### trailer of ORCA DU deployment in 2019 Note: @@ -78,7 +63,7 @@ Note: 以上两个片段,取自2019年CNRS出品的ORCA串列的布放记录片。 -##### September 2021 and June 2022 ARCA Deployment +#### September 2021 and June 2022 ARCA Deployment five new detection units of KM3NeT, onboard the Handin Tide 此次ARCA的设备布放,是使用了一艘船,该船为Handin Tide,船尾有小型A架,船侧舷有Furgo ROV。 @@ -95,7 +80,7 @@ five new detection units of KM3NeT, onboard the Handin Tide - 2022年的9月份航次,this was achieved at a record-breaking speed, with 7 detection units installed, connected and unfurled in less than 48 hours! - 21 in ARCA - ##### October 2023 ARCA Deployment +#### October 2023 ARCA Deployment The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` underwater vehicle (ROV). @@ -105,14 +90,14 @@ The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` und - 28 in ARCA (看起来是这个航次共布放了7台) - ##### Dec 2022 ORCA Deployment +#### Dec 2022 ORCA Deployment During a sea campaign performed last week, ORCA has been enlarged by means of `4 new detection units`. The operation was performed with the Castor ship of Foselev, for deployment of the detection units, and with the Janus II of SAAS (formerly Comex), equipped with a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle, for submarine operations. - 15 DUs in ORCA - ##### May 2023 ORCA Deployment +#### May 2023 ORCA Deployment During a two days sea operation, 27-28 April 2023, `three detection units` were successfully connected to the ORCA detector of KM3NeT `in a record time of just over 24 hours`. As usual, the operation was performed with two ships: the Castor of Foselev, for deployment of the detection units, and the Janus II of SAAS (formerly Comex), equipped with a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle, for submarine operations. @@ -120,6 +105,4 @@ The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` und - 18 in ORCA - - - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/TRIDENT_Deployment.md b/TRIDENT_Deployment.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19b81e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/TRIDENT_Deployment.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +## Deep-sea deployment of the TRIDENT neutrino telescope detection units + + +### Design of TRIDENT DU + +*Version @Mar. 2024* + + + +#### DU Parameters (设备参数) + + | 整体尺寸 | 空气中重量 | 水中重量 | + | ------- | -------- | ------- | + | 3m\*5m*5m | ~5T | ~1.8T| + +#### 布放要求 + +- 布放10个串列(DU) +- 布放位置精度在1米以内 +- 水下湿插拔操作将DU接进接驳盒(Junction Box) + +#### 作业海域 +- 布放点位置:17.4N, 115.0E,距离三亚270海里(单程24H) +- 布放点水深:~3800米 + +##### 布放点流场环境 + + + + +临近的潜标观测站位相距布放点200km,可作为海底环境场的参考; +初步认知和判断包括: + +- The typical flow speed at the KM3NeT sites is between `0.05 and 0.1 m/s`.The maximum horizontal deflection of the top buoy of a 700 m long DU-string under `0.15 m/s` peak current-flow speeds is about `100 m`. +- DL5站位观测结果表明,南海3000米以深平均流速在0.05m/s左右,峰值流速接近0.15m/s,特别的,在冬季10月份观测到接近0.4m/s的流速水平,这个相比地中海的环境而言,要更为苛刻一些。所带来的影响是线阵列的横向偏移量会超过100米,而导致相邻缆线之间发生缠绕。 + + + +### Deployment of TRIDENT DU + +#### 布放施工的初步考虑和待解决/讨论的问题清单 + +海铃(TRIDENT)的DU布放深度为3800米,尺寸为3\*5\*5m,空气中重量为5T,水中重量1.8T。(1)该尺寸和重量与探索二号船打捞船载的CTD类似。(2)KM3Net的DU的LOM(lanuch vehicle)圆形球尺寸2.7m,空气中重量2.6吨,水中550kg。(3)另外一个可参考尺寸重量为深海基站:3.5\*4.2*6.5m,空气中19T,水中300kg,如下图。 + + +- 水中重量1.8T,在海况较差情况下,船尾升沉会导致纤维缆上张力超过近5倍; +- 一次布放的精度预计在20~40米范围内,因此要达到1米的位置精度,必须要水下机械手参与,对DU进行水下位置的调整。 +- 要考虑施工和运维成本的问题。施工区域距离三亚24H航渡距离,往返48H,单船往返航渡费用~60万;考虑现有DU的尺寸和甲板占地面积,单船后甲板预计能够携带4~6台。 + +**施工难点:** +- - ------ +**1. 如何对LOM/DU进行水下位置的移动?** + +- 欧洲的KM3Net是采取了两种方案,一种是利用两条船联合作业,其中DU的布放船具备DP定位能力,另有一艘船携带ROV,两船在安全距离范围内在水下进行作业。另一种方案是利用大型海工船,包括Handin Tide和Optimus Prime,这种船船尾有A架进行布放,船舷侧有ROV,配备了Furgo的作业级ROV。通过KM3Net的网上资料,证实他们有利用ROV对布放尚未着底的DU进行拖拉移位操作。存在的疑问是,(1)布放船一次布放位置的精度能到多少,DU设备临近坐底时,偏移设定位置点偏移多少米;(2)DU设备半悬空的状态下,水中重量550kg,ROV机械手能够拉动和移动的位置有多少米。 + +- 目前深海所的设备情况是,探索二号纤维缆布放和ROV的布放都在船尾,而且ROV是双体结构(中继器+作业ROV),不能进行同时放缆,容易发生缠绕; +- 如果考虑探索二号纤维缆进行布放,在未坐底情况下,载人潜水器靠近进行拉动移位,风险过高。DU周边是钢结构,一旦撞击观察窗,会发生危险,另外水中重量1.8T,载人潜水器机械手可能也无法拉动。 + +可考虑的对策方案包括: + + - 如果是HOV对DU进行水下移位,那就必须是DU坐底而且布放缆脱钩之后,再进行作业。载人潜水器的机械手能力60kg,这种方案之下,DU在被移位的时候,水中重量不能超过60kg。如果DU布放过程中是60kg,质量过轻,纤维缆布放困难,水下受流影响更大。DU上增加浮力调节模块或者类似KM3Net早期的LOM上添加的Hoisting Frame/Crown/Floatation Acoustic Release frame,这个方案是否可行? + - 如果是ROV对DU进行水下移位,就需要两船同时作业,或者单船A架和ROV分开布放。可考虑的组合包括:(1)“探索二号”船携带ROV就位,另需一艘布放作业船,需要具备DP定位能力以及4000米地质缆布放能力;(2)“探索二号”船作为布放船,海洋地质六号携带“海马”号ROV进行水下作业;(3)选择其他类似Optimus Prime或者Handin Tide的海洋工程作业船。比如2025年,“探索三号”投入应用,具备单船ROV和地质缆同时入水的能力,可考虑进行施工作业。 + + +**新的技术路线:** +- ------ + + 针对LOM/DU的水下施工,难点在于其一次布放精度无法满足1米的位置精度要求;另外,由于LOM/DU自身不具备水下自主航行能力,因此需要借助ROV进行水下二次移位操作。 + + - 如果一次布放精度能够满足1米精度要求,则不需要进行二次辅助。建议可调研中海辉固、中海油工程团队,了解他们这方面的经验和建议; + - 如果LOM/DU自身具备水下自主/遥控航行能力,也不需要进行二次辅助。这一项颠覆性路径,有可能催生“深海运载平台”的通用技术和装备,从研发和技术创新角度附加值比较高。建议深海所和交大合作,利用基站、多位点漫游者着陆器的技术基础,和交大的LOM/DU设计基础,围绕Autonomous Underwater Launch Vehicle (AULV)的概念进行技术和装备设计。这条路线,对大规模布放施工的成本控制以及技术溢出效益都更值得考虑。 + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/DS_Basement.png b/img/DS_Basement.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58a971c Binary files /dev/null and b/img/DS_Basement.png differ diff --git a/img/TRIDENT_Mooring_Observation.jpg b/img/TRIDENT_Mooring_Observation.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93b7106 Binary files /dev/null and b/img/TRIDENT_Mooring_Observation.jpg differ diff --git a/img/TRIDENT_Position.png b/img/TRIDENT_Position.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4f0d6b Binary files /dev/null and b/img/TRIDENT_Position.png differ